LearnJapanese Tae Kim's Guide to Learning Japanese




Various amounts

Posted by Tae Kim

Now that we learned how to use numbers and express date and time, it would be a good time to review how to express various amounts. Most amounts can be expressed with just vocabulary, many of which we've already seen. Below is a list of just some of the vocabulary used to describe various amounts.

  1. 少し 【すこ・し】 - a little
  2. ちょっと - a little (casual)
  3. たくさん - a lot
  4. 少ない 【すく・ない】 (i-adj) - few
  5. 多い 【おお・い】 (i-adj) - many
  6. まだ - not yet
  7. もう - already; more
  8. もう少し 【もう・すこ・し】 - a little more
  9. もっと - a lot more
  10. ずっと - a long time
  11. こんなに - this much
  12. そんなに - that much
  13. あんなに - that much (over there)
  14. ~くらい/~ぐらい - about ~

Expectation of more

There are two particles that are used to express the word "only": 「だけ」 and 「しか」. Just like every other particle, these particles attach to the end of the word that they apply to. The primary difference with 「しか」 is that it must be used with the negative and emphasizes the lack of something.

Example

  1. 肉 【にく】 - meat
  2. 今夜 【こん・や】 - tonight
  1. だけ食べる
    Eat only meat.
  2. しか食べない
    Not eat anything but meat.
  3. 今夜は、二人だけで行きましょう。
    Let's go just the two of us tonight. (lit: As for tonight, let's go by way of only two people.)
  4. 500円しか持っていません。
    (I) only have 500 yen.

Too much of something

An excess of something is expressed with the ru-verb 「過ぎる」(す・ぎる) which means, "to pass" or "to exceed". There are several rules for attaching this verb to adjectives and other verbs. As 「すぎる」 is a regular ru-verb, all subsequent conjugations are the same as any other ru-verb.

Using 「すぎる」 to indicate it's too much
  • Verbs: Change the verb to the stem and attach 「すぎる」
    Examples
    1. 食べすぎる = 食べすぎる
    2. → 太すぎる = 太りすぎる
  • Na-adjectives: Attach 「すぎる」
    Examples
    1. 静か+すぎる = 静かすぎる
    2. きれい+すぎる = きれいすぎる
  • I-adjectives: Remove the last 「い」 and attach 「すぎる」
    As always, 「いい」 conjugates from 「よい」
    Examples
    1. 大きすぎる = 大きすぎる
    2. すぎる = 高すぎる
    3. いい → よすぎる = よすぎる
  • Negative verbs and adjectives: Replace the last 「い」 from 「ない」 with 「さ」 and then attach 「すぎる」
    Examples
    1. 食べな → 食べなすぎる = 食べなさすぎる
    2. 面白くな → 面白くなすぎる = 面白くなさすぎる

Example

  1. 昨日 【き・のう】 - yesterday
  2. 飲む 【の・む】(u-verb) - to drink
  3. 二日酔い 【ふつ・か・よい】 - hangover
  4. 頭 【あたま】 - head
  5. 痛い 【いた・い】(i-adj) - painful
  6. 量 【りょう】 - amount
  7. 多い 【おお・い】 (i-adj) - many
  8. もっと - a lot more
  9. 小さい 【ちい・さい】(i-adj) - small
  10. サイズ - size
  11. 頼む 【たの・む】(u-verb) - to request; to order
  12. ダイエット - diet
  13. する - to do
  14. いい(i-adj) - good
  15. 食べる 【たべ・る】(ru-verb) - to eat
  1. 昨日は飲みすぎて、二日酔いで頭が痛いです。
    (I) drank too much yesterday and (my) head hurts with hangover.
  2. 量が多すぎるから、もっと小さいサイズを頼んだ。
    The amount is too much so (I) ordered a much smaller size.
  3. ダイエットをするのはいいけど、食べなさすぎているよ。
    Doing (a) diet is fine but (you're) not eating too much (too much of not eating).

On a diet

  1. お腹 【お・なか】 - stomach
  2. 空く 【す・く】(u-verb) - to empty
  3. なんで - why
  4. まだ - yet; still
  5. ~時 【~じ】 - hour counter
  6. 今日 【きょう】 - today
  7. 朝ご飯 【あさ・ご・はん】 - breakfast
  8. 食べる 【たべ・る】(ru-verb) - to eat
  9. 昼ご飯 【ひる・ご・はん】 - lunch
  10. 昨日 【きのう】 - yesterday
  11. 夜 【よる】 - evening
  12. 晩ご飯 【ばん・ご・はん】 - dinner
  13. ダイエット - diet
  14. する - to do
  15. たくさん - a lot
  16. 普通 【ふ・つう】 - normal
  17. 言う 【い・う】(u-verb) - to say
  18. 始める 【はじ・める】 (ru-verb) - to begin
  19. いつ - when
  20. ~まで (particle) - until ~
  21. つもり - intention
  22. もう - already
  23. 明日 【あした】 - tomorrow
  24. やめる (ru-verb) - to stop; to quit
  25. 一日 【いち・にち】 - span of one day
  26. 聞く 【き・く】 - to ask; to listen
  27. 事 【こと】 - event, matter, generic happening
  28. 痩せる 【や・せる】(ru-verb) - to get skinny
  29. 当たり前 【あ・たり・まえ】 - obvious

アリス:お腹空いたよ。
Alice: (I'm) hungry. (lit: stomach has emptied)

ジョン:なんで?まだ2時だよ。
John: Why? It's still 2 o'clock, you know.

アリス:今日は、朝ご飯しか食べてないの。
Alice: (I) didn't eat anything but breakfast today.

ジョン:なんで昼ご飯を食べなかったの?
John: Why didn't (you) eat lunch?

アリス:昨日の夜、晩ご飯を食べ過ぎたから、ダイエットをしているの。
Alice: Last night, (I) ate too much dinner so (I'm) on a diet.

ジョン:昨日たくさん食べて、「ダイエットしている」と普通言わないよ。
John: Normally, (you) don't say you're on a diet after you ate a lot yesterday.

アリス:だから、今日始めたよ。
Alice: That's why I just started.

ジョン:いつまでダイエットをするつもり?
John: (You) intend to be on a diet until when?

アリス:もうダメ。明日からやめる。
Alice: (It's) no good already. (I) will quit from tomorrow.

ジョン:一日だけのダイエットは、聞いたことない。
John: (I've) never heard of a one day only diet.

アリス:だから、痩せないのかな?
Alice: (I) wonder if that's why (I) don't lose weight?

ジョン:当たり前だ。
John: Obviously.

今日は、朝ご飯しか食べてないの ->

今日は、朝ご飯しか食べてないの -> 今日は、朝ご飯しか食べないの ?
I don't see why the -te form is being used for the negative form of 食べる


アリス:お腹空いたよ。 Alice: (I'm)

アリス:お腹空いたよ。
Alice: (I'm) hungry. (lit: stomach has emptied)

Is it okay to leave out a は,が, or を after the お腹. I know you said you can do it if you use って but that isnt being used either. Or is this a case of a noun describing a u-verb clause?


It's pretty much okay to

It's pretty much okay to leave those out at random in casual speech, especially if they won't do much to make the sentence clearer than it would be without them. を especially gets dropped a LOT. 腹減った and お腹空いた especially are common set phrases and I hear them more often without their particles than with them. In both of those cases, though, the correct particle would be が.


Okay I just read that with

Okay I just read that with する that it is optional to use を。 Is this the case with all verbs beginning with す?


No. Because する (to do) can

No. Because する (to do) can used very often in different ways. Like together with an noun, for example, you can make studies 勉強 into study 勉強をする。In this case you can omit を and only can say\write 勉強する。


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