LearnJapanese Tae Kim's Guide to Learning Japanese




Existence Verbs

Posted by Tae Kim

With the state-of-being that we learned in the last chapter, we could only describe what someone or something is. In this section, we'll learn to express whether someone or something exists and where.

There are two verbs that show existence for animate and inanimate objects.

  • ある (u-verb) - to exist (inanimate)
  • いる (ru-verb) - to exist (animate)

Without getting caught up with the details, 「いる」 is generally used for things that can move of their own volition such as humans or animals while 「ある」 is for inanimate objects and abstract concepts such as time.

Example

  1. どこ - where
  2. 時間 【じ・かん】 - time
  1. アリスちゃんは、どこにいる
    Where is Alice-chan? (lit: Alice-chan exists at where?)
  2. 時間はある
    Do (you) have time? (lit: Is there time?)

Location

With some additional vocabulary, you can use these two verbs to describe the location of anything or anyone.

  1. ここ - here
  2. そこ - there
  3. あそこ - over there (farther away)
  4. 上 【うえ】 - above
  5. 下 【した】 - below
  6. 右 【みぎ】 - right
  7. 左 【ひだり】 - left
  8. 前 【まえ】 - front; before
  9. 後ろ 【うし・ろ】 - behind
  10. 隣 【となり】 - next to

Example

  1. 鍵 【かぎ】 - key
  2. テーブル - table
  3. 銀行 【ぎん・こう】 - bank
  4. 郵便局 【ゆう・びん・きょく】 - post office
  1. アリスは、学校の後ろにいる
    Alice is behind (the) school. (lit: As for Alice, exists behind of school.)
  2. 鍵は、テーブルの上にある
    Key is above (the) table. (lit: As for key, exists above of table.)
  3. 銀行は、郵便局の隣にある
    Bank is next to post office. (lit: As for bank, exist next of post office.)

Any cute girls there?

  1. 明日 【あした】 - tomorrow
  2. クラブ - club
  3. 行く 【い・く】 - to go
  4. する - to do
  5. 会話 【かい・わ】 - conversation
  6. 練習 【れん・しゅう】 - practice
  7. 俺 【おれ】 - me; myself (masculine and very casual)
  8. 宿題 【しゅく・だい】 - homework
  9. 日本人 【に・ほん・じん】 - Japanese person
  10. かわいい - cute
  11. 女 【おんな】 - woman
  12. 子 【こ】 - child
  13. 女の子 【おんな・の・こ】 - girl
  14. あのう - um; excuse me
  15. 一応 【いち・おう】 - for the time being; just in case
  16. やっぱり - as expected (casual)
  17. ムカつく - to get irritated

アリス: 明日、日本語のクラブがあるけど、行く?
Alice: There's Japanese club tomorrow, want to go? (lit: Tomorrow, Japanese club exists but go?)

ジョン: 日本語のクラブで何をするの?
John: What do (you) do at Japanese club?

アリス: 日本語の会話の練習をするよ。
Alice: (You) do Japanese conversation practice.

ジョン: 俺は、宿題がたくさんあるから、いい。
John: I have a lot of homework so (I'm) good. (lit: As for me, a lot of homework exists so good.)

アリス: 日本人もいるよ。
Alice: Japanese people are also there, you know.

ジョン: かわいい女の子はいる
John: Is there cute girl(s)?

アリス: あのう、一応、私も行くけど?
Alice: Um, just in case, I'm going too but?

ジョン: そう?やっぱり、俺はいいよ。
John: Is that so? As I thought, I'm good.

アリス: ムカつく。
Alice: So irritating.

I was wondering why Alice

I was wondering why Alice uses けど at the end of her penultimate line. It seems a bit strange to end a sentence with 'but' to me, and I don't really understand what it's supposed to mean.


What is this ます at the end

What is this ます at the end of
the bank example?


My bad, that's covered later.

My bad, that's covered later.


「ムカつく」is half hiragana and

「ムカつく」is half hiragana and half katakana. I think it's a typo that should be fixed.

Thanks for the great guide, by the way! It's a much-appreciated resource.


Nope. That's really how

Nope. That's really how you're supposed to write it if you use it as an interjection.


Seconded, on both points!

Seconded, on both points!


Oh very lol at the

Oh very lol at the conversations in this guide. Great job.


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