Listing multiple nouns

Posted by Tae Kim

「と」 complete list particle

The 「と」 particle is used to group multiple nouns together in a complete list.

The poor chicken family...

  1. 親子丼 【おや・こ・どん】 - rice dish with chicken and egg (parent and child bowl)
  2. 材料 【ざい・りょう】 - ingredient
  3. ご飯 【ご・はん】 - rice; meal
  4. 玉ねぎ 【たま・ねぎ】 - onion
  5. しょうゆ - soy sauce
  6. そして - and then
  7. もちろん - of course
  8. 鶏肉 【とり・にく】 - chicken
  9. 卵 【たまご】 - egg
  10. 気持ち悪い 【き・もち・わるい】 (i-adj) - bad feeling, gross, unpleasant
  11. おいしい (i-adj) - tasty
  12. かわいそう (na-adj) - poor, pitiful (as in to feel sorry for)
  13. 面白い 【おも・しろ・い】 (i-adj) - interesting
  14. 大丈夫 【だい・じょう・ぶ】 (na-adj) - ok
  15. 本当 【ほん・とう】 - truth; reality
  16. 親 【おや】 - parent
  17. 子供 【こ・ども】 - child

スミス: 親子丼の材料は何ですか?
Smith: What are the ingredients for Oyako-don?

田中: ご飯玉ねぎしょうゆです。そして、親子丼だから、もちろん鶏肉卵です。
Tanaka: Rice, onions, and soy sauce. And then, because it's "parent and child bowl", chicken and egg, of course.

スミス: 気持ち悪いですね。
Smith: That's unpleasant, isn't it?

田中: そうですか?でも、おいしいですよ。
Tanaka: Is that so? But it's tasty, you know?

スミス: かわいそうじゃないですか?
Smith: Don't you feel sorry for them?

田中: スミスさんは、面白いですね。本当の親と子供じゃないですから大丈夫ですよ。
Tanaka: Smith-san, (you're) interesting. (It's) not real parent and child so (it's) ok, you know.

スミス: でも・・・。
Smith: But...

「や」 and 「とか」 partial list

「や」 and 「とか」 are also used to list multiple nouns together. The major difference is that they imply that the list is not complete and is a sample among a larger list. 「とか」 is merely a more casual version of 「や」.

I hate natto

  1. どんな - what kind
  2. 食べ物 【た・べ・もの】(n) - food
  3. お菓子 【お・か・し】 - candy
  4. チーズケーキ - cheese cake
  5. イチゴ - strawberry
  6. ショートケーキ - short cake
  7. 甘い 【あま・い】(i-adj) - sweet
  8. 物 【もの】(n) - thing
  9. 納豆 【なっ・とう】(n) - natto (fermented soybeans)
  10. 嫌い 【きら・い】(na-adj) - dislike; hate

山本: スミスさんは、どんな食べ物が好きですか?
Yamamoto: As for Smith-san, what kind of food do (you) like?

スミス: そうですね。日本のお菓子チーズケーキイチゴショートケーキが好きです。
Smith: Let's see. (I) like things like Japanese candy, cheese cake, and strawberry short cake.

山本: 甘い物が好きですね。
Yamamoto: (You) like sweet things, don't you?

スミス: 甘くない物も好きですよ。
Smith: (I) also like things that are not sweet, you know.

山本: 納豆はどうですか?
Yamamoto: How about natto?

スミス: 納豆は、嫌いですね。
Smith: As for natto, I hate it.

「か」 possible options

「か」 can be used with multiple nouns to list several possible options, essentially meaning "or".

You're just like whatever, huh?

  1. 試験 【し・けん】 - exam
  2. いつ - when
  3. 今日 【きょう】 - today
  4. 明日 【あした】 - tomorrow
  5. 絶対 【ぜっ・たい】 - definitely, for sure
  6. じゃ - then (casual)
  7. 適当 【てき・とう】 - haphazard, whatever works
  8. 来週 【らい・しゅう】 - next week
  9. やはり/やっぱり - as I thought

アリス: 試験はいつ?
Alice: Exam is when?

ジョン: 今日明日だよ。
John: Today or tomorrow.

アリス: 絶対今日じゃないよ。
Alice: It's not today for sure.

ジョン: じゃ、明日。
John: Then, (it's) tomorrow.

アリス: 適当だね。
Alice: (You're) haphazard, huh?

リー: 試験は来週だよ。
Lee: Exam is next week, you know.

アリス: やっぱり。
Alice: As I thought.

田中:

田中: ご飯と玉ねぎとしょうゆです。そして、親子丼だから、もちろん鶏肉と卵です。
Shouldn't it be や here instead of と? Rice, onions and soy sauce is not all the
ingredients in 親子丼 and neither is chicken and eggs.


Since Mr. Tanaka is listing

Since Mr. Tanaka is listing the items that he uses to make 親子丼, using と particle here is perfectly fine. や is used to list an uncertain things/items, or things alike. If he were to say "ご飯や玉ねぎやしょうゆ", he would most probably add とか after that to create an uncertain list of items. It would then translate to "There are things inside like cooked rice, onions and soy sauce (and things alike)". Since this is a concrete conversation, the items used are specified in certainty. That could only mean that Mr. Tanaka either uses those items to make it or he's always getting the same ingredients served at the bar where he orders it.


I think what he's getting at

I think what he's getting at is that, since the complete list is divided into two sentences, neither list is complete without the other.


In the 親子丼 example, the

In the 親子丼 example, the luscious young Tanaka assures Alice that the chicken and egg featured in the tasty dish are not *really* related. But shouldn't Tanaka use 「本当に」 instead of 「本当の?」


No, it's saying something is

No, it's saying something is real (noun modifier). 本当に is an adverb.


I also had this question...

I also had this question... but I was thinking shouldn't it be 本当な since 本当 is an adjective? Thanks...


Got it-- thanks!

Got it-- thanks!


You haven't revised the main

You haven't revised the main text yet. :-(


ね here is just like "Ah" in

ね here is just like "Ah" in English, without any meaning, but only for the effect of expression.


スミス: 納豆は、嫌いですね。 Smith: As for

スミス: 納豆は、嫌いですね。
Smith: As for natto, I hate it.

Can someone explain the "ne" in this situation. I often hear it like this but can make sense of it.

Thanks!


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