LearnJapanese Tae Kim's Guide to Learning Japanese




Question words and particles

Posted by Tae Kim

Particles can be used with some question words to form other useful vocabulary. Let's first learn or review all the various questions words.

  1. 誰 【だれ】 - who
  2. 何 【なに/なん】 - what
  3. どこ - where
  4. どう - how
  5. どうして - why
  6. どちら - which way
  7. どれ - which
  8. なんで - why (casual)
  9. なぜ - why (formal)
  10. いつ - when
  11. いくつ - how many
  12. いくら - how much

「も」 with question words

The following question words can be used with 「も」 to include and/or exclude everything.

  1. 誰も 【だれ・も】 - everybody or nobody when used with negative
  2. 何も 【なに・も】 - nothing when used with negative
  3. どこも - everywhere or nowhere when used with negative
  4. どうしても - no matter what
  5. どちらも - both ways
  6. いつも - always

Things aren't as consistent as one would hope however. For example, 「何も」 is usually not used to mean "everything". And 「いつも」 always means "always" for both positive and negative forms. Other words can be used instead to express similar concepts.

  1. 皆 【みんな】 - everybody
  2. 皆さん 【みな・さん】 - everybody (polite)
  3. 全部 【ぜん・ぶ】 - everything
  4. 全然 【ぜん・ぜん】 - not at all (when used with negative)
  5. 絶対 【ぜっ・たい】 - absolutely, unconditionally or never when used with negative

「でも」 with question words

The combination of two particles 「でも」 can be used with question words to indicate "any".

  1. 誰でも 【だれ・でも】 - anybody
  2. 何でも 【なん・でも】 - anything
  3. どこでも - anywhere
  4. どうでも - anyhow
  5. どちらでも - any way
  6. いつでも - any time
  7. いくつでも - any number of things
  8. いくらでも - any amount

「か」 with question words

The question marker can also be used with some question words to indicate "some".

  1. 誰か 【だれ・か】 - somebody
  2. 何か 【なに・か】 - something
  3. どこか - somewhere
  4. どうか - somehow
  5. どちらか - one way (of the two)
  6. どうしてか - for some reason
  7. なんでか - for some reason (casual)
  8. なぜか - for some reason (formal)
  9. いつか - sometime
  10. いくつか - some number of things
  11. いくらか - some amount

Never mind, you guys are too weird

  1. ね/ねえ - hey (casual)
  2. 今日 【きょう】 - today
  3. 昼ご飯 【ひる・ご・はん】 - lunch
  4. どこか - somewhere
  5. 僕 【ぼく】 - me, myself (polite, masculine)
  6. 何でも 【なん・でも】 - anything
  7. じゃ - then (casual)
  8. おいしい (i-adj) - tasty
  9. 物 【もの】 - physical object
  10. 当たり前 【あ・たり・まえ】 - obvious
  11. 誰 【だれ】 - who
  12. 皆 【みんな】- everybody (casual)
  13. 相変わらず 【あい・か・わらず】- as usual, without change
  14. 変 【へん】 (na-adj) - strange
  15. 食堂 【しょく・どう】- cafeteria

アリス: ねえ、今日の昼ご飯は、どこかに食べに行こうよ。
Alice: Hey, as for today's lunch, let's go somewhere to eat.

ジョン: そうだね。何を食べようか?
John: Right. What shall we eat?

リー: 僕は、何でもいいよ。
Lee: I'm fine with anything.

アリス: じゃ、何かおいしい物を食べたくない?
Alice: Then, don't (you) want to eat something tasty?

ジョン: それは当たり前だ。誰がおいしくない物を食べたいんだ?
John: That's obvious. Who wants to eat a thing not tasty?

リー: 僕は、何でもいいよ。
Lee: I'm fine with anything.

ジョン: じゃ、今日はおいしくない物にチャレンジしよう!
John: Then, let's challenge (ourselves) today with something not tasty!

アリス: 皆、相変わらず変ね。今日も食堂でいいよ。
Alice: Everybody is strange as usual, huh? The cafeteria is fine for today as well.

I love your dialogs! but

I love your dialogs!

but still a little thing I don't understand - what would be the difference between 「何かおいしい物食べたくない?」 and 「おいしい物食べたくない?」?


small typo: In the vocab

small typo:

In the vocab section for the bottom dialogue, 相変わらず 【あい・かわ・らず】 should probably be 【あい・か・わらず】 right?


Thanks!

Thanks!


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