Japanese Grammar Guide
This guide was created as a resource for those who want to learn Japanese grammar in a rational, intuitive way that makes sense in Japanese. The explanations are focused on how to make sense of the grammar not from English but from a Japanese point of view.
It is released under the Creative Commons License and is free to copy and distribute for non-commercial uses.
Before you begin
If your computer is not setup to display Japanese, you'll want to enable Japanese support to read the Japanese text.
Other formats
- PDF Version - Philipp Kerling wrote an awesome script to convert the site to PDF.
- iPhone app - The guide is also available as an iPhone app written by Ronald Timoshenko.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- The Writing System
- Basic Grammar
- Essential Grammar
- Polite Form and Verb Stems (~です、~ます)
- Addressing People
- The Question Marker (か)
- Compound Sentences (て-form、から、ので、のに、が、けど、し、~たりする)
- Other uses of the te-form (~ている、~てある、~ておく、~ていく、~てくる)
- Potential Form
- Using する and なる with the に particle (~[よう]になる/する)
- Conditionals (と、なら、ば、たら)
- Expressing "must" or "have to" (~だめ、~いけない、~ならない、~ても)
- Desire and Suggestions (たい、欲しい、volitional、~たらどう)
- Performing an action on a relative clause (と、って)
- Defining and Describing (という)
- Trying something out or attempting to do something (~てみる、volitional+とする)
- Giving and Receiving (あげる、やる、くれる、もらう)
- Making requests (~ください、~ちょうだい、~なさい、command form)
- Numbers and Counting
- Casual Patterns and Slang
- Review and more sentence-ending particles
- Special Expressions
- Causative and Passive Verbs
- Honorific and Humble Forms
- Things that happen unintentionally (~てしまう、~ちゃう/~じゃう)
- Special expressions with generic nouns (こと、ところ、もの)
- Expressing various levels of certainty (かもしれない、でしょう、だろう)
- Expressing amounts (だけ、のみ、しか、ばかり、すぎる、Amount+も、ほど、さ)
- Various ways to express similarity and hearsay (よう、~みたい、~そう、~そうだ、~らしい、~っぽい)
- Using 方 and よる for comparisons and other functions (より、の方、stem+方、によって、によると)
- Saying something is easy or difficult to do (~やすい、~にくい)
- More negative verbs (ないで、ず、~ん、ぬ)
- Hypothesizing and Concluding (わけ、~とする)
- Expressing time-specific actions (ばかり、とたんに、ながら、まくる)
- Leaving something the way it is (まま、っぱなし)
- Advanced Topics
- Formal Expressions (である、ではない)
- Things that should be a certain way (はず、べき、べく、べからず)
- Expressing the minimum expectation (でさえ、ですら、おろか)
- Showing signs of something (~がる、ばかり、~めく)
- Formal expressions of non-feasibility (~ざるを得ない、やむを得ない、~かねる)
- Tendencies (~がち、~つつ、きらいがある)
- Advanced Volitional (まい、であろう、かろう)
- Covered by something (だらけ、まみれ、ずくめ)
- Advanced proximity of actions (が早いか、や否や、そばから)
- Others (思いきや、がてら、あげく)
This work is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike License.
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AWESOME!!!!!
AWESOME!!!!!
Is there any chance an app
Is there any chance an app will be coded for Android and Windows Phones? The iPhone app is awesome but doesn't help me with a Windows Phone!
I'd love one for Android, as
I'd love one for Android, as well! I know resources are limited but it seems all my favorite Japanese sites with accompanying apps only have them for iPhone. I'm hoping they make an Android Skritter at some point, too...
Android would be nice!
Android would be nice!
There is one. Look for
There is one. Look for Obenkyo.
THIS IS GREAT!!!!! ^_^
THIS IS GREAT!!!!!
^_^
Hey, I love this guide. It
Hey,
I love this guide. It would be very cool if there were a section about the uses of どころか、sentences, as I'm always a bit confused when I see them.
I wanted to share an upcoming Kanji learning site with you guys.
You can register for beta using this link: http://kuerz.es/2SS
Oh and I'm eagerly waiting for the book to come out :) I'll so totally buy it.
Daniel
Very good guide! It really
Very good guide! It really focuses on the own function of the words/phrases and doesn't force them to fit into Indoeuropean language models.
Thank you very very much for doing this under creative commons license.
Greetings from Germany.
Hello. I got this message
Hello. I got this message from a Japanese friend of mine:
ああいうぶりっ子はこの世から潰せたらいいのに
(he was very angry, so please don't mind him being so mean)
I'm just wondering... what's with the noni at the end of the sentence? I only know it from phrases where it means something like "despite", but he said it's just a normal statement. Thank you for any answers! :)
I didn't find any answer in
I didn't find any answer in the internets yet, but another example sentence.
あなたは傘を持っていく必要はなかったのに。-> You needn't have taken an umbrella with you.
I'm guessing it has something to with the likeliness of the event. Like the speaker telling you "Well you needn't have taken an umbrella with you, but now it's too late anyway." It would also fit for the actual sentence I'm doing research on.
ああいうぶりっ子はこの世から潰せたらいいのに -> This Burikko should be disappear off the face of the earth, but that's not going to happen anyway.
Maybe someone can help? Thanks :)
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