Particle Practice Exercises
Vocabulary used in this section
To start with, I have listed the kanji you will need for the vocabulary for your convenience. The link will take you to a diagram of the stroke order. However, it doesn't clearly show the direction (though you can kind of tell by the animation) so you should check with a kanji dictionary if you're not sure. I recommend practicing the kanji in the context of real words (such as the ones below).
Here is the list of some simple nouns that might be used in the exercises.
- どこ - where
- いつ - when
- どうして - why
- どう - how
- どれ - which
- ミーティング - meeting
- ボールペン - ball-point pen
- 何【なに】 - what
- 誰【だれ】 - who
- 映画【えいが】 - movie
- 彼【かれ】 - he; boyfriend
- 彼女【かのじょ】 - she; girlfriend
- 雨【あめ】 - rain
- 水【みず】 - water
- 昨日【きのう】 - yesterday
- 今日【きょう】 - today
- 明日【あした】 - tomorrow
- 知り合い【しりあい】 - acquaintance
- 鉛筆【えんぴつ】 - pencil
- 仕事【しごと】 - work
- 入口【いりぐち】 - entrance
- 出口【でぐち】 - exit
- 図書館【としょかん】 - library
Basic Particle Exercise with 「は」
Let's first get used to the basic concept of particles by making some very simple sentences with them. In this first exercise, we are going to use the topic particle to explain the current topic of conversation. Remember, the topic particle 「は」 is always pronounced as /wa/.
Sample: 誰? (Topic: アリス) = アリスは誰?
| 1. どこ?(Topic: 学校) | = | 学校はどこ? | (Where is school?) |
| 2. どうして?(Topic: それ) | = | それはどうして? | (Why is that?) |
| 3.いつ?(Topic: ミーティング) | = | ミーティングはいつ? | (When is meeting?) |
| 4.何?(Topic: これ) | = | これは何? | (What is this?) |
| 5.どう?(Topic: 映画) | = | 映画はどう? | (How is movie?) |
| 6.中学生だ。(Topic: 彼) | = | 彼は中学生だ。 | (He is middle school student.) |
| 7.先生だ。(Topic: 彼女) | = | 彼女は先生だ。 | (She is teacher.) |
| 8.雨。(Topic: 今日) | = | 今日は雨。 | (Today is rain.) |
| 9.友達。(Topic: ボブ) | = | ボブは友達。 | (Bob is friend.) |
| 10. 知り合い?(Topic: 彼) | = | 彼は知り合い? | (Is he an acquaintance?) |
Particle Exercise with 「は」 and 「も」
Now we are going to practice getting used to the differences between the 「は」 and 「も」 particles. The sentences are actually pretty lame but this was the only way I could think of to make obvious which particle should be used. Remember, the point is to get a sense of when and when not to use the inclusive particle instead of the topic particle.
Fill in the blank with the correct particle, either 「は」 or 「も」
Sample: これは鉛筆だ。それも鉛筆だ。
| 1.今日は雨だ。昨日 雨だった。 | 1.今日は雨だ。昨日 も 雨だった。 |
| 2.ジムは大学生だ。でも、私 大学生じゃない。 | 2.ジムは大学生だ。でも、私 は 大学生じゃない。 |
| 3.これは水。これ そう。 | 3.これは水。これ も そう。 |
| 4.これはボールペンだ。でも、それ ボールペンじゃない。 | 4.これはボールペンだ。でも、それ は ボールペンじゃない。 |
| 5.仕事は明日。今日 仕事じゃなかった。 | 5.仕事は明日。今日 は 仕事じゃなかった。 |
| 6.ここは入口。出口 ここだ。 | 6.ここは入口。出口 も ここだ。 |
Particle Exercise with 「は」, 「も」, 「が」
In this last exercise, we will practice all three particles by identifying which one should be used for different types of situations. Remember that the 「が」 particle is only used when you want to identify something out of many other possibilities. While there are some cases where both 「は」 and 「が」 makes sense grammatically, because they mean different things, the correct one all depends on what you want to say.
Fill in the blank with the correct particle, either 「は」、 「も」、 or 「が」
|
ジム) アリス 誰? ボブ) 友達だ。彼女 アリスだ |
ジム) アリス は 誰? ボブ) 友達だ。彼女 が アリスだ |
|
アリス) これ 何? ボブ) それ 鉛筆。 アリス) あれ 鉛筆? ボブ) あれ ペンだ。 |
アリス) これ は 何? ボブ) それ は 鉛筆。 アリス) あれ も 鉛筆? ボブ) あれ は ペンだ。 |
|
アリス) 図書館 どこ? ボブ) ここ 図書館だ。 アリス) そこ 図書館じゃない? ボブ) そこじゃない。図書館 ここだ。 |
アリス) 図書館 は どこ? ボブ) ここ が 図書館だ。 アリス) そこ は 図書館じゃない? ボブ) そこじゃない。図書館 は ここだ。 |

Why use past tense in
Why use past tense in "仕事は明日。今日 は 仕事じゃなかった"
"仕事は明日。今日 は 仕事じゃなかった" means work is tomorrow, today is not work right ?
But why use past tense (じゃなかった) as it is "today" ?
I'd say it's because it's
I'd say it's because it's being said at the end of the day. "I have work tomorrow, but I didn't have work today", as opposed to saying it in the morning to afternoon where you'd say "I have work tomorrow, but I don't have work today". It's misleading, I admit, but makes sense once you've figured it out.
ITT 鉛筆 is often written as
ITT 鉛筆 is often written as えんぴつ nowadays.
shouldn't complain about the
shouldn't complain about the chance to learn new Kanji :P
It is correct with or without
It is correct with or without the だ. the だ just makes it declarative.
「今日は雨。」 and 「今日は雨だ。」= "Today is Rain."
You never defined "ここ" is
You never defined "ここ" is this supposed to be "high school" - where both O's would have the long vowel sound? Or is this a different word?
"ここ" means "here" or "this
"ここ" means "here" or "this place".
Yes, it really is a different
Yes, it really is a different word. "ここ" stands for "here" (place we are at) while
"こうこう" stands for high school.
ここ means "here," and 高校/こうこう
ここ means "here," and 高校/こうこう means "high school"
ここ without elongated vowels
ここ without elongated vowels means "here".
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