基本語法（繁體中文）
From JapaneseGuide
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Basic Grammatical Structures
Now that we have learned how to write Japanese, we can begin going over the basic grammatical structure of the language. This section primarily covers all the parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. It will also describe how to integrate the various parts of speech into a coherent sentence by using particles. By the end of this section, you should have a basic understanding of how Japanese works and how thoughts are expressed in Japanese.
Lessons covered in this section
- Expressing State-of-Being - We will learn how to express the English verb "to be" in Japanese.
- Introduction to Particles - This lesson describes how to create relationships between things by designating a topic or identifier using 「は」、「も」、and 「が」 particles.
- Adjectives - Covers the main properties of adjectives. We will learn how to describe nouns by directly modifying the noun or by using particles.
- Verb Basics - Covers the basic properties of verbs. This lesson will describe how verbs are categorized so that we can easily generalize conjugation rules.
- Negative Verbs - Goes over the conjugation rules for negating verbs. We will learn how to transform the sentence, "He will go." into "He will not go."
- Past Tense - Goes over the rules for conjugating verbs to the past tense. We will learn how to transform the sentence, "He will go." into "He went."
- Verb-related Particles - This lesson covers particles most often associated with verbs. We will learn the direct object particle （を）, target particle （に）, motion target particle （へ）, and the context particle （で）.
- Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - We will learn about transitive and intransitive verbs and how our usage of particles changes as a result.
- Subordinate Clauses - We will learn how to modify nouns with verb and conjugated noun clauses to create more complicated sentences.
- Noun-related Particles - We will learn particles associated with nouns （と、や、とか、の）. Generic noun substitution will also be covered allowing us to essentially set just about anything as the topic or identifier. Its use as an implied explanation is also covered.
- Using Adverbs and Gobi - A short and simple section to finish off this section. It describes how to change adjectives into adverbs. It also introduces two very common and useful sentence endings.
